The Manufactured Panic Over Critical Race Theory and the Billionaire-Funded Campaign to Weaponize Racial Anxiety

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The Manufactured Panic Over Critical Race Theory and the Billionaire-Funded Campaign to Weaponize Racial Anxiety

What began as an obscure legal theory taught in law schools for nearly half a century suddenly became a Republican rallying cry in 2020. This investigation exposes how conservative operative Christopher Rufo, Koch-funded think tanks, and Fox News manufactured a moral panic over critical race theory to divide Americans and distract from economic inequality. The reality? No K-12 school teaches CRT. Instead, billionaire-backed propagandists weaponized racial anxiety to win elections while hiding their true agenda: protecting corporate power and preventing working Americans from uniting across racial lines to demand economic justice.

Categories: Liberal Opinions
October 25, 2021

The Data Void Strategy: Manufacturing Fear From Nothing

Parents around the country began speaking out against critical race theory as schools supposedly started embracing this ideology. But something wasn't adding up. Critical race theory has been taught in American law schools for almost half a century, yet public interest remained virtually nonexistent until suddenly exploding in 2020.

This represents a classic propaganda technique: exploiting data voids by finding a topic nobody is discussing and then talking about it incessantly. When people search for information about this scary new concept, they find not expert analysis or academic sources, but content from conservative outlets like Prager U and Ben Shapiro, along with commentary from people who had never heard of critical race theory until moments before discussing it publicly.

The result is what can be called a dipshit feedback loop, where algorithms recommend garbage content to feed audiences, and content creators produce more garbage to feed the algorithm. YouTube's top results on critical race theory feature random musicians declaring their hatred for something they clearly don't understand, their videos picked up by algorithms and transformed into entire content strategies built around manufactured outrage.

What Critical Race Theory Actually Is

Critical race theory emerged from critical legal studies, an intellectual movement started by law professors in the 1970s who argued that the law is never truly neutral. The legal system appears to be an objective, rational rulebook, but in reality it's messy, full of contradictions and gray areas that humans must resolve based on their own values and biases.

When the Supreme Court makes a 5-4 decision with justices looking at identical facts and reaching wildly different conclusions, it's not because half made a mistake. It's because skilled lawyers can use the law to justify nearly anything. Terms like due process, probable cause, and equal protection don't have inherent meaning; they're interpreted by judges, juries and lawyers who bring their own perspectives.

Critical legal studies argued these biases aren't random. Because the legal system is maintained by privileged elites who attend expensive law schools, work prestigious clerkships and get appointed to high office, the law tends to reflect their interests. The American legal system prioritizes trademarks, contracts and property rights, but says little about rights to food, housing or healthcare. Not because property rights are divinely ordained, but because those creating and interpreting rights care more about protecting their assets than preventing others from starving.

Critical race theory began when nonwhite law professors examined this work and recognized that the law's reflection of powerful interests manifests clearly in how it treats race. These professors lived in the aftermath of the civil rights movement and noticed that despite legal victories like the Civil Rights Act and Brown v. Board of Education, life for Black Americans wasn't changing quickly.

The Detroit Case: How Colorblind Policies Perpetuate Segregation

After Brown v. Board, the Detroit Public School System was legally required to desegregate. The problem was it couldn't. Detroit's white population had already started leaving through white flight, preferring suburban life over living alongside Black neighbors in the inner city. Black families couldn't make the same move due to less money from years of racist zoning and redlining practices, and those who did move faced harassment from police and city officials.

The result was integrated schools but segregated school districts, with white students clustered in wealthier suburban districts and nonwhite students in poorer Detroit schools. In 1970, a district judge recognized this violated Brown v. Board's purpose and ordered a bussing program to send some Black students from the inner city and some white students from the suburbs to each other's schools.

White families protested vigorously. The KKK blew up school busses. White activists argued on television that the bussing program itself violated Brown v. Board, claiming they were taught to be colorblind and bussing for race alone drew attention to racial differences.

In 1974, the Supreme Court sided with white families in a 5-4 decision, claiming that because school districts weren't explicitly drawn with racist intent, they didn't violate Brown v. Board and the bussing program had to end. Justice Thurgood Marshall, the court's only Black justice, wrote in dissent that under such a plan, white and Black students would not attend school together. Black children would continue attending all-Black schools, perpetuating the very evil Brown aimed to cure.

Nearly 70 years after Brown v. Board, America's school system remains deeply segregated, with Detroit having some of the most clearly segregated school districts in the country.

The Core Principles of Critical Race Theory

Critical race theory argues that reforms like the Civil Rights Act and Brown v. Board succeeded at stopping obvious displays of racism, but for most Black and brown Americans, racial inequality is more subtle, baked into decades of legal decisions, economic policies and policing practices that appear neutral but treat racial groups differently.

The civil rights movement placed too much faith in anti-discrimination laws and the legal system's ability to correct its own biases. If society is serious about addressing racial inequality, it's insufficient to adopt colorblindness and hope for the best. Instead, there must be critical thinking about how laws and institutions might impact people of color differently, even while claiming to be colorblind.

CRT focuses less on individual intent and more on systems of power. Many white families leaving Detroit wanted to escape Black people, but some followed friends, and others sought the best schools, which happened to be in all-white suburbs. Critical race theorists argue society spends too much time worrying about who privately holds racist beliefs. Instead, the focus should be on systems of power and why they treat racial groups differently.

Why are Black people much more likely to be charged for drug possession despite using drugs at similar rates as whites? Why are Black families much more likely to be denied home loans? Why do major highways keep getting built through Black communities that get too close to white suburbs? And isn't it concerning that the legal system answering these questions is still overwhelmingly run by people who've never experienced racial discrimination?

CRT is not a set of solutions. Black activists in Detroit disagreed about whether bussing was the best approach to segregation, with many arguing the city should simply invest more in majority-Black schools. Critical race theorists often disagree about addressing racial inequality because CRT is not an answer to a problem, but a lens for understanding it. It's a way to pay attention to what has happened in America and how that history continues creating different outcomes, so the country can become what it claims to be.

Christopher Rufo and the Birth of a Moral Panic

The phrase critical race theory barely appeared on Fox News over the past decade until September 2020, when conservative operative Christopher Rufo appeared on Tucker Carlson Tonight. Rufo is a right-wing political operative who poses as a serious journalist, chasing gimmicks and pseudo-scandals for attention.

In 2017, he sued Seattle over its tax on the ultra-wealthy despite being too broke to qualify himself. In 2018, he launched a brief Seattle City Council campaign, complained about homelessness, then quickly dropped out claiming online leftists were bullying him. But in September 2020, Rufo pulled off his biggest stunt: warning the public about critical race theory infiltrating the federal government.

Rufo's evidence consisted of anti-racism trainings at places like the Treasury Department and FBI designed to teach employees about concepts like white privilege and microaggressions. Standard corporate diversity trainings that most office workers have experienced. But Rufo claimed these trainings were part of a radical anti-white agenda, an existential threat to the United States.

There are two obvious problems with this claim. First, racial sensitivity trainings are not critical race theory; they're essentially the opposite. CRT argues society focuses too much on individual biases and not enough on systems of power. Many critical race theorists are deeply skeptical of these trainings, not just because they're ineffective, but because they distract from bigger issues.

The bigger issue is that Rufo is a liar. The Washington Post investigated his reporting and found claims were either unsupported by evidence or stretched beyond the facts. The Treasury Department didn't tell employees all white people are racist. The FBI didn't tell employees straight white men are at the top of a pyramid of evil. These were boilerplate voluntary HR workshops. Rufo made things up and called it critical race theory to scare white people.

That night, Rufo had a specific goal: calling for the president and White House to immediately issue an executive order abolishing critical race theory trainings from the federal government. The next morning, Rufo got a call from Trump's chief of staff. Days later, Trump issued an executive order banning federal contractors from offering racial sensitivity trainings.

The Koch Brothers Propaganda Machine Takes Over

After Trump lost the election, mentions of CRT on Fox News dropped. Rufo got quiet, tweeting about being at the barbershop and calling it one of the last domains of traditional masculinity. For a brief moment, critical race theory seemed ready to fade from the news cycle.

But starting around March, right-wing think tanks all funded by the billionaire Koch family began publishing piece after piece about CRT, warning that critical race theory was infecting America's schools and indoctrinating kids with radical anti-American ideas. Not a few clickbait posts, but dozens of articles, podcasts and web videos, all using the same language Rufo used in September.

Rufo himself was featured in webinars by groups like the Heritage Foundation, ALEC and the Manhattan Institute. These groups had never mentioned CRT before, but now it was all they could talk about. An average of five pieces per week dropped from late March to June 30, 2021.

In April, Rufo was hired by the Manhattan Institute to direct a new initiative on critical race theory. Weeks later, he published a briefing book laying out talking points the right would use to fight CRT in schools. What started as one man's gimmick had been adopted by the Koch brothers' massive propaganda machine. Fox News got the memo, and by mid-spring, the panic over critical race theory returned using Rufo's briefing book talking points.

The Astroturf Campaign: Political Operatives Posing as Concerned Parents

No K-12 school anywhere teaches critical race theory. The average American student doesn't even learn about slavery until fourth or fifth grade. The idea that kids are being taught graduate-level legal analysis is absurd.

Every example in Rufo's briefing book fails to show kids learning CRT. What they show is schools teaching basic lessons about race and inequality, then Rufo lying about those lessons to make them seem scarier. Stories about students being told to atone for white privilege never happened. Stories about students chanting to the Aztec god of human sacrifice were total fabrications, debunked by fact checkers and curriculum creators.

Most stories fall apart when you simply read the article. Rufo claims students are forced to celebrate Black communism, but his article just says they were asked to define communism during a lesson about Angela Davis. Rufo claims students are separated into oppressor and oppressed, but that language doesn't come from any teacher or lesson plan; it comes from an anonymous parent complaining their kid was being taught about identity.

There's no theory connecting these stories unless you think just talking about race is a theory. Early complaints about CRT actually came from a couple of parents at elite New York private schools like Brearley, Grace Church and Dalton. These parents were upset their kids were learning about systemic racism after the George Floyd protests and started writing emails to hundreds of other parents claiming there hasn't been systemic racism against Blacks since the 1960s and that Black Lives Matter is a Marxist, anti-family organization.

Fox News started interviewing parents claiming their kids were being taught CRT. But these weren't everyday moms and dads. They were political operatives working for Koch brothers organizations. The concerned mom was actually Jennifer Stefano, vice president of the Commonwealth Foundation and former vice president of Americans for Prosperity. The mother of five was Kerry Lucas, connected to the Cato Institute. The Virginia father was Ian Prior, a Republican communications person who worked for Karl Rove and Jeff Sessions.

Everywhere you look, concerned parents turn out to be political operatives. A Florida mom was a Republican consultant who worked for the RNC. A Virginia parent was a longtime Republican activist at a GOP consulting firm. A Little League dad was a former senior adviser to the Trump campaign running a Republican consulting firm. A former school board member was an activist for the Virginia GOP. A Florida mother of three was a right-wing activist and member of seven Florida GOP groups. A father of three was a pro-Trump podcaster selling ugly CRT merchandise.

This is classic astroturfing: a propaganda strategy where billionaires pay political operatives to create the illusion of a grassroots movement. Many early CRT stories came from New York and Virginia because that's where the consultants live.

School Board Protests and Legislative Overreach

As Fox's coverage of CRT picked up, public anxiety grew. Parents across the country started showing up to school board meetings protesting this scary theory they heard about on TV, despite having no idea what critical race theory actually is. They were repeating what they saw on Fox News.

Even at these meetings, evidence of bad faith appears. A woman described as a concerned teacher on Fox actually used to work at Right Side Broadcasting and is listed as an activist partner at Turning Point USA. A woman identified as a concerned mom after speaking at her school board meeting is actually a longtime political activist hosting her own right-wing radio show. An Illinois father who became a viral sensation after his rant against CRT was tweeted by Turning Point USA isn't really a concerned parent; he's a YouTuber who posts clickbait reaction videos and specifically recorded himself knowing it would go viral.

Local news outlets showed up to these protests asking about critical race theory, publishing vague headlines suggesting something nefarious might be happening. These reporters don't know what CRT is either. Poor school district employees had to explain repeatedly that they aren't teaching graduate-level legal theory.

By mid-summer, most protests weren't even about curricula anymore. They were about school equity and diversity policies aimed at helping minority students feel more welcome in majority-white schools. In Kentucky, they protested plans to hire more diverse teachers and carry more books with nonwhite characters. In Georgia, they protested plans to help minority students in classrooms and ensure they aren't unfairly disciplined. In Virginia, they protested a student equity ambassador program to collect complaints of racism and injustice, which came after kids said they were being called slurs and threatened with having their hijabs ripped off.

No decent human finds these policies controversial, but these people have been convinced that any attempt to address racial inequality is a cover for an anti-white agenda. When no one can explain what critical race theory is, who's to say what it isn't?

State Bans and the Expansion of Government Censorship

By summer's end, critical race theory became an official Republican Party talking point. CRT showed up in Republican campaign ads. Dozens of school districts faced GOP ballot initiatives to recall school boards. Over two dozen states introduced legislation to ban teaching critical race theory in schools.

The problem is it's hard to ban something when you don't know what it is. These bills are all over the place. In Iowa, it's illegal to teach that someone is inherently racist or sexist based on skin color. In Idaho, it's illegal to blame an individual white person for actions committed in the past by other white people. In South Dakota, they introduced a bill banning lessons that promote overthrowing the United States government.

Most laws are less funny. In Montana, teachers are banned from teaching lessons promoting controversial concepts like racial privilege and identity. In Wisconsin, they introduced a bill limiting teaching of concepts including anti-racism, cultural awareness, equity, marginalized communities, patriarchy, racial justice, social justice and systems of power and oppression. In Florida, schools are banned from teaching that racism is embedded in American society or legal systems and must instead teach that American history is the story of a new nation based on universal principles stated in the Declaration of Independence.

The party of Don't Tread On Me now wants to ensure no one speaks ill of Big Brother. The facts don't care about your feelings crowd now wants to ban lessons that might hurt white parents' feelings. Those who complain about cancel culture and thought police are cheering laws so severe that teachers are canceling lessons on race out of fear of government crackdown.

Rufo's Admission: The Quiet Part Out Loud

As critical race theorist David Theo Goldberg wrote, CRT functions for the right today primarily as an empty signifier for any talk of race and racism at all, a catch-all specter lumping together multiculturalism, wokeism, anti-racism and identity politics. Any suggestion that racial inequities in the United States are anything but fair outcomes from choices made by equally positioned individuals in a free society.

Rufo basically admitted this on Twitter: "We have successfully frozen their brand, critical race theory, into the public conversation and are steadily driving up negative perceptions. We will eventually turn it toxic as we put all of the various cultural insanity under that brand category. The goal is to have the public read something crazy in the newspaper and immediately think critical race theory. We have decodified the term and will recodify it to annex the entire range of cultural constructions that are unpopular with Americans."

This was never about critical race theory. They just needed a boogeyman, some race-baity catchphrase to scare white people with.

The Real Motivations: Attention, Money and Power

The freak out over critical race theory represents a moral panic: a situation where the public is tricked into overreacting to something that isn't actually dangerous. Like the Salem witch trials, the point is not to warn about a real threat but to manipulate people, taking advantage of their fear and anxiety to get what you really want.

For many grifters, it's attention. Random YouTubers went from a few thousand subscribers to over 45,000 when they started posting about CRT. There's always a market for stirring up racial anxiety, and if you're a nonwhite person willing to say what rich conservatives want to hear, even better.

For professional grifters like Shapiro, Owens and Pool, the rationale is the same. These people made careers saying what their audience wants to hear every single day, so they have to agree with whatever moral panic is trending, even if they haven't done the reading. Shapiro went to Harvard Law, the birthplace of critical race theory. He absolutely studied CRT as a student and knows how ridiculous this is. But if he says that, his audience will turn on him.

Not everyone lying about CRT is doing it for attention. They're also doing it for money. Rufo got a cushy think tank job, a donations page to fund his fight against critical race theory, and became Fox News's resident expert on something he made up. Critical race theory became a fixture in right-wing fundraising emails for politicians and think tanks. Local political action groups raised hundreds of thousands of dollars campaigning against school boards that discuss racial justice.

Many people lying about CRT are doing it because they're racists. Tucker Carlson is a soulless grifter, but he's also a sincere bigot who wants a white ethnostate.

The Billionaire Agenda: Divide and Conquer

Behind these grifters, behind Tucker and Rufo and Shapiro, are billionaires: corporate oligarchs, oil barons and Republican kingmakers who spent enormous time and money ensuring people fear critical race theory. What's in it for them?

Derrick Bell, the father of critical race theory, saw this coming nearly 30 years ago: "Racism, ever since slavery, has provided the stabilizing influence. It is what those on top have used to keep those on the bottom, if not satisfied, at least quieted. And it works very well."

The panic over critical race theory really only started after Republicans lost control of Congress and the White House. The party that had done nothing for four years but pass corporate tax cuts, give away billions to weapons and oil companies, and cut government aid during a pandemic suddenly found itself out of power with no serious policy agenda. Moral panics, especially about race, are a reliable way to win back voters, to convince them you're on their side even when all you've done is sell them out.

The strategy goes back to the fight over bussing. In 1970, before the Supreme Court made its decision in Detroit, Richard Nixon's political strategist explained how Republicans needed to use racial anxiety to convince white Democrats to vote against their own interests: "For a long time, the liberal conservative split was on economic issues. That favored the Democrats. In the future, the liberal conservative division will come on social issues. The more Negroes who register as Democrats in the South, the sooner the Negrophobe whites will quit the Democrats and become Republicans."

This strategy appears in old Republican campaign ads, where candidates quickly pivot from talking about bussing to talking about cutting social services. In the 1980s, as Reagan cut taxes for the ultra-rich and made radical cuts to government programs for the working class, his aide explained how Republicans used racial rhetoric to sell trickle-down economics to white Americans: "You start out by saying certain things. By 1968 you can't say that anymore, it hurts you, backfires. So you say stuff like forced bussing, states rights and all that stuff, and you get so abstract... you're talking about cutting taxes, and all of these things are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is blacks get hurt worse than whites."

Republicans are already working to make CRT a centerpiece of the 2022 midterm elections, part of a broad strategy to run on culture war issues rather than campaigning against economic agendas that have proved popular with voters.

The Path Forward: Intersectionality and Solidarity

What happened in Detroit is not just a story about race. It's also a story about class, about how the wealthy abandoned the poor and how lack of funding for schools and affordable housing keeps working-class people trapped in cycles of poverty lasting generations.

That statistic about racial disparities in drug arrests isn't just about racist cops. It's about how the privileged play by different rules and how police departments target neighborhoods they know can't afford to defend themselves in court. That report about racial disparities in the tax code is literally also a report about how the economic system caters to those already wealthy and how the ruling class manipulates the law to avoid paying their fair share.

As is often the case, the problems minorities complain about are instances of injustices visited across much of the population based on class. Critics accuse CRT of being obsessed with race, but the whole point of CRT is that focusing on race alone is not enough. As long as America's institutions allow the powerful to exploit the powerless, that exploitation will have a racial component.

Kimberle Crenshaw, one of CRT's founders, coined the term intersectionality: the idea that categories like racial inequality and economic inequality cannot be fully separated. They often reinforce each other. While segregated school districts are bad for Black and brown kids, they're also bad for young people, retirees and workers who quickly find themselves priced out of fancy white suburbs. While the collapse of labor unions hurts all workers, it especially hurts Black and brown workers who are uniquely at risk for employment discrimination.

It's not a coincidence that states banning critical race theory are the same states with the lowest minimum wage rates and weakest unions. While immigrants, people of color and working-class whites are exploited in different ways and for different reasons, they're often exploited by the same powerful elites and have reason to look out for each other, to treat racial justice and economic justice as part of the same struggle.

Maybe that's why billionaires are so intent on banning critical race theory, banning anything that gets people to think about systems of power or question whether America is really as free and fair as they claim. Not because CRT divides us, but because being honest about what happens to Black and brown people in this country means becoming aware of all the ways the deck can be stacked against everyone. It means considering the ways that you too might be playing a rigged game, and imagining viewing each other not as enemies in an endless fake culture war, but as potential allies.

The problem of racial injustice and economic injustice cannot be solved without a radical redistribution of political and economic power.

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